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.. Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
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or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
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distributed with this work for additional information
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regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
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to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
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"License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
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with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
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.. http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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.. Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
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software distributed under the License is distributed on an
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"AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
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KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
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specific language governing permissions and limitations
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under the License.
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Security
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========
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Security in Superset is handled by Flask AppBuilder (FAB). FAB is a
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"Simple and rapid application development framework, built on top of Flask.".
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FAB provides authentication, user management, permissions and roles.
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Please read its `Security documentation
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<https://flask-appbuilder.readthedocs.io/en/latest/security.html>`_.
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Provided Roles
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--------------
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Superset ships with a set of roles that are handled by Superset itself.
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You can assume that these roles will stay up-to-date as Superset evolves.
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Even though it's possible for ``Admin`` users to do so, it is not recommended
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that you alter these roles in any way by removing
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or adding permissions to them as these roles will be re-synchronized to
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their original values as you run your next ``superset init`` command.
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Since it's not recommended to alter the roles described here, it's right
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to assume that your security strategy should be to compose user access based
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on these base roles and roles that you create. For instance you could
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create a role ``Financial Analyst`` that would be made of a set of permissions
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to a set of data sources (tables) and/or databases. Users would then be
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granted ``Gamma``, ``Financial Analyst``, and perhaps ``sql_lab``.
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Admin
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"""""
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Admins have all possible rights, including granting or revoking rights from
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other users and altering other people's slices and dashboards.
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Alpha
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"""""
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Alpha users have access to all data sources, and all features except SQLLab and
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security, so they cannot grant or revoke access from other users.
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They are also limited to altering the objects that they
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own. Alpha users can add and alter data sources.
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Gamma
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"""""
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Gamma users have limited access. They can only consume data coming from data sources
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they have been given access to through another complementary role.
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They only have access to view the slices and
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dashboards made from data sources that they have access to. Currently Gamma
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users are not able to alter or add data sources. We assume that they are
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mostly content consumers, though they can create slices and dashboards.
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Also note that when Gamma users look at the dashboards and slices list view,
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they will only see the objects that they have access to.
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sql_lab
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"""""""
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The ``sql_lab`` role grants access to SQL Lab. Note that while ``Admin``
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users have access to all databases by default, both ``Alpha`` and ``Gamma``
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users need to be given access on a per database basis.
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Public
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""""""
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It's possible to allow logged out users to access some Superset features.
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By setting ``PUBLIC_ROLE_LIKE_GAMMA = True`` in your ``superset_config.py``,
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you grant public role the same set of permissions as for the GAMMA role.
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This is useful if one wants to enable anonymous users to view
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dashboards. Explicit grant on specific datasets is still required, meaning
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that you need to edit the ``Public`` role and add the Public data sources
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to the role manually.
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Managing Gamma per data source access
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-------------------------------------
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Here's how to provide users access to only specific datasets. First make
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sure the users with limited access have [only] the Gamma role assigned to
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them. Second, create a new role (``Menu -> Security -> List Roles``) and
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click the ``+`` sign.
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.. image:: _static/images/create_role.png
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:scale: 50 %
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This new window allows you to give this new role a name, attribute it to users
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and select the tables in the ``Permissions`` dropdown. To select the data
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sources you want to associate with this role, simply click on the dropdown
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and use the typeahead to search for your table names.
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You can then confirm with your Gamma users that they see the objects
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(dashboards and slices) associated with the tables related to their roles.
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Customizing
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-----------
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The permissions exposed by FAB are very granular and allow for a great level
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of customization. FAB creates many permissions automagically for each model
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that is created (can_add, can_delete, can_show, can_edit, ...) as well as for
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each view. On top of that, Superset can expose more granular permissions like
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``all_datasource_access``.
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We do not recommend altering the 3 base roles as there
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are a set of assumptions that Superset is built upon. It is possible though for
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you to create your own roles, and union them to existing ones.
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Permissions
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"""""""""""
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Roles are composed of a set of permissions, and Superset has many categories
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of permissions. Here are the different categories of permissions:
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- **Model & action**: models are entities like ``Dashboard``,
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``Slice``, or ``User``. Each model has a fixed set of permissions, like
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``can_edit``, ``can_show``, ``can_delete``, ``can_list``, ``can_add``, and
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so on. By adding ``can_delete on Dashboard`` to a role, and granting that
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role to a user, this user will be able to delete dashboards.
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- **Views**: views are individual web pages, like the ``explore`` view or the
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``SQL Lab`` view. When granted to a user, he/she will see that view in its menu items, and be able to load that page.
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- **Data source**: For each data source, a permission is created. If the user
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does not have the ``all_datasource_access`` permission granted, the user
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will only be able to see Slices or explore the data sources that are granted
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to them
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- **Database**: Granting access to a database allows for the user to access
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all data sources within that database, and will enable the user to query
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that database in SQL Lab, provided that the SQL Lab specific permission
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have been granted to the user
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Restricting access to a subset of data sources
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""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
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The best way to go is probably to give user ``Gamma`` plus one or many other
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roles that would add access to specific data sources. We recommend that you
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create individual roles for each access profile. Say people in your finance
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department might have access to a set of databases and data sources, and
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these permissions can be consolidated in a single role. Users with this
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profile then need to be attributed ``Gamma`` as a foundation to the models
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and views they can access, and that ``Finance`` role that is a collection
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of permissions to data objects.
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One user can have many roles, so a finance executive could be granted
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``Gamma``, ``Finance``, and perhaps another ``Executive`` role that gather
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a set of data sources that power dashboards only made available to executives.
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When looking at its dashboard list, this user will only see the
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list of dashboards it has access to, based on the roles and
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permissions that were attributed.
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Restricting access to a subset of a particular table
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""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
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Using ``Row level security filters`` (under the ``Security`` menu) you can create
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filters that are assigned to a particular table, as well as a set of roles.
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Say people in your finance department should only have access to rows where
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``department = "finance"``. You could create a ``Row level security filter``
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with that clause, and assign it to your ``Finance`` role, as well as the
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applicable table.
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The ``clause`` field can contain arbitrary text which is then added to the generated
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SQL statement's ``WHERE`` clause. So you could even do something like create a
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filter for the last 30 days and apply it to a specific role, with a clause like
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``date_field > DATE_SUB(NOW(), INTERVAL 30 DAY)``. It can also support multiple
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conditions: ``client_id = 6 AND advertiser="foo"``, etc.
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All relevant ``Row level security filters`` will be ANDed together, so it's
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possible to create a situation where two roles conflict in such a way as to
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limit a table subset to empty. For example, the filters ``client_id=4`` and
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and ``client_id=5``, applied to a role, will result in users of that role having
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``client_id=4 AND client_id=5`` added to their query, which can never be true.
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Supported Authentication Types
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""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
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Superset has been written on top of `Flask-AppBuilder <https://flask-appbuilder.readthedocs.io/en/latest/>`_, So it uses the Authentication Types that Flask-ApBuilder.
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Fore more detail please follow this link:
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`Supported Authentication Types on Flask-AppBuilder <https://flask-appbuilder.readthedocs.io/en/latest/security.html#supported-authentication-types>`_
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